1. a verb form ending in -ing used as an adjective participle 2. a verb form used as another part of speech gerund 3. a verb form ending in -ing used as a noun adverb phrase 4. group of words without a subject or verb used as single part of speech infinitive 5. verb form preceded by to, used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb verb phrase 6. phrase beginning with a preposition adjective phrase 7. prepositional phrase modifying a noun or pronoun verbal 8. participle with complements and modifiers coordinating conjunction 9. verb ending in -ing used with a helping verb participial phrase 10. prepositional phrase modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb prepositional phrase 11. A conjunction that joins words or groups of words of equal rank. restrictive clause 12. An adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of the sentence. phrase 13. A verbal form ending in -ing with its object and modifiers used as a noun. gerund phrase