1. The Korean peninsula in WW II was controlled by USA and USSR.
2. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is the zone that is not controlled by any military and has practical use as a buffer zone.
3. 'Cult of Personality' is something that is associated with North Korea. It means that the leader of the country is also seen as a somewhat Godly figure, protector, father...
4. The 'Military first' policy of North Korea is in fact a way of showing the world that it is strong, both defensively and offensively, and that it is not a country that you would like to mess with.
5. The people that are not members of the military will be exploited even more with the growing of the military because of the increased demand of food and metal and thus food production and mining.
6. North Korea began the missile program more as a warning to the countries that it has a bad relations with, and to show that it is not a defenseless country, instead it will fire back if attacked or provoked.
7. The policy of 'Strategic Patience' is to calm down the situation or at least keep it a status quo situation since a war in the region will have devastating effects on all sides included as well as the whole world.
8. China will continue to support North Korea because it serves it well to not have the USA's military presence at it's borders, as well as a strategic partner/ally in a region where USA has a big influence.