Well first off, Mendel’s law of segregation states that individuals possess two alleles and a parent passes only one allele to his/her offspring. Mendel’s law of independent assortment states the inheritance of one pair of factors (genes) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair. Now Mendel discovered this through his little experiment with the pea plants that showed certain traits through a particular pattern, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and heredity.
