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Enrico Fermi who was born on 29th September 1901 and died on 28th November or 1954 was an Italian physicist who pioneered in the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been dubbed as the "architect of the nuclear age", and the "architect of the atomic bomb". Only few of the physicist excel in doing both experimental and theoretical work. In the case of Fermi, he excelled in both. He also held the patents of the use of nuclear power. The Nobel Prize for Physics and was awarded to him in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He also had other important contributions to the development of nuclear and particle physics, quantum theory and statistical mechanics.

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One of the most important scientists studying the nuclear fission of heavy atoms was Enrico Fermi. Fermi was a physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1938 for identifying new elements and discovering nuclear reaction through his use of nuclear irradiation and bombardment. Fermi was Italian, born in Rome on September 29, 1901. He died in Chicago, Illinois, on November 28, 1954.

Fermi had been interested in mathematics and experimental physics even when he was a boy in Rome. His interests did not change, and he received his doctoral degree from the University of Florence in 1924. Then from 1927 to 1938, he was a professor of physics at the University of Rome.

Leaving Italy in 1938, Fermi accepted a professorship at Columbia University. At that time the Fascists were in power in Italy, and the persecution of Jews was becoming intense. Because Mrs. Fermi was Jewish and because of the atmosphere in Italy, the Fermis decided to leave.

Fermi's next position was at the University of Chicago, where he worked on nuclear chain reactions and developed the first nuclear reactor.

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