Answer: bank, higher
The real interest rate is 4%.
The bank's nominal interest rate is 7.5%
Since nominal interest rate is [tex]Real Rate + Expected inflation rate\\[/tex], we can find the expected inflation rate as 3.5% ([tex]7.5% - 4%[/tex].
As long as the inflation remains below 3.5%, the bank will not feel the negative impact of inflation.
If it rises more than 3.5%, the bank will be negatively impacted since the value of the loan paid back to the bank will be lesser than the loan value when it was made.
In this case, inflation at 4% was greater than the anticipated inflation.