- Produced agriculture where no one had thought possible.
- Played roles as traders and bandits on long distance trade routes.
- Played roles in the the collapses of the 2nd wave civilizations and their rebuilds.
- Supported Buddhism in China
- Nomadic Bedouin Arabs aided in expansion of Islam.
- Turks carried Islam to new lands.
- Mongols made largest empire of the time. - Facilitated closer connections across Eurasia.
- Increased the rate of technology & crop exchange, mixing of peoples, spread of epidemic disease.
- Mongol tolerance of other religions facilitated spread of religion.
