The data for the apple tree project were collected from an experiment because the 30 apple trees were randomly selected, pruning times were assigned to the trees, and the final yield was collected for each pruned tree. This experimental design allows for the control of variables and the ability to make causal inferences about the effects of different pruning times on apple yield.
For the customer relations director who needs to know which of three email messaging strategies causes the highest customer satisfaction score, the best data collection strategy would be to randomly assign one of the three messaging strategies to a sample of current customers and then collect customer satisfaction data. This approach, similar to the apple tree experiment, allows for the control of variables and the ability to make causal inferences about the effects of different messaging strategies on customer satisfaction.
However, it's also valuable to collect a random sample of prior customer satisfaction data from customers who received each of the three messaging strategies. This approach provides historical context and can help identify trends or patterns over time.
In both cases, the key is to ensure that the data collection process is random, systematic, and comprehensive, allowing for accurate analysis and interpretation.