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In March 1857, in one of the most controversial events preceding the
American Civil War (1861-65), the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision
in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford. The case had been brought before
the court by Dred Scott, a slave who had lived with his owner in a free
state before returning to the slave state of Missouri. Scott argued that
his time spent in these locations entitled him to emancipation. In his
decision, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, a staunch supporter of slavery,
disagreed: The court found that no black, free or slave, could claim
U.S. citizenship, and therefore blacks were unable to petition the court
for their freedom. The Dred Scott decision incensed abolitionists and
heightened North-South tensions, which would erupt in war just three
years later
