The two major causes of chromosomal rearrangements are : aberrant crossing-over and two double-strand breaks.
A chromosomal rearrangement means that the pieces of chromosomes are duplicated, missing or moved around. The effects may vary as they depend on which chromosome pieces are involved and how they are rearranged. Some may have no effect and some are incompatible with life.
The four types of chromosomal changes are inversions, deletions, duplications and translocations.
Chromosomal rearrangements happens during egg and sperm formation. During recombination step, pairs of chromosomes break and then swap pieces. If the chromosomes line up unevenly or if breaks are not repaired properly, then pieces of chromosomes can be rearranged.
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