Yes, some carcinogens directly affect the DNA, while others are changed by cellular enzymes into mutagenic chemicals.
Depending on the DNA lesions and the repair processes they cause, carcinogens can be classified as methylating or bulky-adduct-forming (BAF) agents. Contrary to methylating carcinogens, BAF carcinogens such as UV radiation, free oxygen species, and a variety of substances cause substantial changes in the DNA molecule's three-dimensional structure. These lesions cause growth inhibition and can only be healed by NER, or nucleotide excision repair. Most chemical mutagens and carcinogens don't interact with DNA directly. Enzymes must change them in order for them to be activated. Some carcinogens directly affect the DNA, while others are changed into mutagenic chemicals by the enzymes of the cell.
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