In order to protect underground pipelines and storage tanks made of iron, the iron is made the cathode of a voltaic cell through a process called Impressed current method which is a kind of cathodic protection.
There are two methods which belongs to cathodic protection
a) one is by connecting the base metal with a more reactive metal and making the more reactive metal anode which sacrifices itself protecting the base metal [Iron in this case] : This is known as Sacrificial anodization protection
b) the second method is : Impressed current method where the base metal is connected to a battery in such a way that it starts behaving as cathode. This method is used in the given problem
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