The wave can be broken in c) the bottom interfering with its oscillatory motion.
In fluid mechanics, a breaking wave or breaker is a wave whose amplitude reaches a critical level where a large amount of wave energy is converted into turbulent kinetic energy. At this point, simple physical models describing wave dynamics, especially those that assume linear behavior, are often invalid.
The most commonly known type of breaking wave is a water wave that breaks on the shore. In general, wave breaking occurs when the amplitude reaches the point where the crest of the wave actually flips over. Another particular effect in fluid dynamics is also called "wave breaking", partly by an analogy to waves on water. In meteorology, atmospheric gravitational waves are said to break down when the wave creates a region of potential temperature drop with altitude, resulting in energy dissipation due to convective instability.
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