Chronic stimulation results in an exhausted phenotype in CD8+ T lymphocytes that is defined by the production of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic abnormalities. T cell fatigue restricts the removal of virus-infected or tumour cells but protects against severe immunopathology.
A transcription factor is a molecule that regulates a gene's function by deciding whether its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is converted into RNA (ribonucleic acid). Using the DNA of the gene as a template, the enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the chemical processes that result in the synthesis of RNA.
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