The foam decreases the time of impact.
The Impulse applied to an object causes a change in the momentum of the object. Impulse is the product of force and time of impact.
J = Ft
where;
The increase in the time of impact increases the impulse experienced by the object, and a decrease in the time of impact causes a decrease in the impulse experienced by the object.
Thus, we can conclude that the foam decreases the time of impact because it cushions the effect of impact.
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