As a result of using only their friends in the newspaper survey, the journalism student's research will not be generalizable due to the data being tainted by b. Sampling bias.
Sampling bias:
Sampling should be random which gives everyone in the relevant population a chance to be selected so that whatever conclusions are drawn, can be applied to that population with a better chance of it being applicable.
In conclusion, because the journalism students, did not make the sampling random, the sample they came up with is biased and cannot be accurately applied to the school population.
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The options for this question are:
a. A lack of debriefing
b. Sampling bias
c. Participant bias
d. Social desirability bias
e. Placebo effects