The word, cosmopolitan as used in the passage means
The word cosmopolitan when used to describe a city entails a city with a mix of different cultures. From the context of the passage, the usage of this word in this light means an advanced city.
We can deduce this as we see a lot of descriptions of a city that has witnessed a lot of development. The population of the city and the current facilities that can be found therein testify to the fact that the city, in this case, is advanced.
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