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Water is a polar and polar compounds like to dissolve other polar compounds, so the more polar compound, the more soluble there is in water. There are 2 main inter-molecular forces (forces that pull molecules towards other molecules) that are at work in any mobile substance
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The water molecule has an irregular distribution of its electrical charges that form hydrogen bonding and this irregularity in electric charge that makes the molecule polar and able to the solubility of other polar substances.  

This can be explained as follows:

  • Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are present in one water molecule.
  • These molecular atoms form covalent bonding as they share electrons with each other.
  • The oxygen atom has a greater electromagnetic force than the two hydrogen atoms.
  • This leads to the attraction of hydrogen atoms to oxygen which promotes a displacement of these electrons results in hydrogen electrons closer to oxygen than to hydrogen.
  • This irregular electronic distribution causes the polarity of the molecule, results in water as a polar substance and a dipole.

Water has the ability to make bonds with positive and negatively charged molecules, which allows water's solubility to a wide range of substances.  

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