Crossing over is a mechanisms involved in introducing genetic variation. When the arm of a chromatid crosses over the arm of another chromatid, it results in additional variation in the DNA of each sex cell formed. Option D.
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Crossing-over between homologous chromosomes (prophase 1), the random lining of homologous chromosomes (metaphase 1), and random fertilization are the mechanisms involved in genetic variation.
The Crossing-over events occur between two homologous chromosomes in the equatorial plane and make the daughter cells genetically different from the original one.
The Chiasma is the position where two homologous chromatids interchange genetic information, giving a place for new genetic material or information to be provided to descendants.
After crossing over, homologous chromosomes get separated again.
So, according to this information, when the arm of a chromatid crosses over the arm of another chromatid, it results in additional variation in the DNA of each sex cell formed.
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