A. A trade Union is for a specific trades (like firefighters, police). Industrial general union is for companies that make things like vehicles. Both protect the employees.
B. A grievance procedure is when an employee is done wrong within the company. For example, in a factory they may go by senority (how long somebody works there). Suppose they forced a person to work that had more time in over somebody who has less time in. A grievance would be filed. A disciplinary procedure would include being late to work, crashing a forklift, etc.
C. If a grievance isn’t dealt with early, the company could loose money, employees, etc.