Answer:
A. Body planes
1. Sagittal: cut along the lengthwise plane of the body. divides left and right parts.
2. Mid-sagittal: cut exactly down the median. divides left and right parts equally. (would cut vertically down the nose)
3. Coronal/frontal: divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
4. Transverse/horizontal:cut along the lengthwise plane. divides anterior and posterior. (coronal section)
B. Directional terms
1. Superior: toward the head end or upper part of a body structure. above. (AKA cranial or cephalad) The face is superior to the neck.
2. Inferior: away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body. (AKA caudal) The navel is inferior to the chin.
3. Anterior: toward or at the front of the body. (AKA ventral). The windpipe (trachea) is anterior to the esophagus.
5. Posterior: toward or at the backside of the body. (AKA dorsal). The heart is posterior to the sternum.
7. Medial: toward or at the midline of the body. The bridge of the nose is medial to the eyes.
8. Lateral:away from the midline of the body. The eyes are lateral to the nose.
9. Proximal: close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb.
10. Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb. the foot is distal to the knee.
11. Superficial: toward or at the body surface. (AKA external). The skin is superficial to the muscles.
12. Deep:away from the body surface (AKA internal). The intestines are deep to the spine.
C. Body cavities
1. Dorsal: consists of two subdivisions which are continuous with each other: cranial cavity and spinal cavity
2. Cranial: space inside the skull
3. Spinal: extends from cranial cavity almost to the end of the vertebral column. protected by the vertebrae
4. Thoracic: separated from rest of ventral cavity by the diaphragm. contain heart, lungs, etc that are protected by the rib cage
5. Abdominal: contains stomach, liver, intestines, etc
6. Pelvic: contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum
D. Quadrants :
1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ): Lobe of the liver is located and gallbladder. contains liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines
2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ): Main portion of the stomach. contains stomach, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestines
3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ): The Cecum, appendix, and part of the small intestine are located. contains small and large intestines, appendix, female ovary and uterus, bladder.
4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ): Descending colon. Contains small and large intestines, female ovary and uterus, bladder
