Question refers to the excerpt below.

"I saw the sky in front of me light up brilliantly with all kinds of colors. At the same time I felt the taste of lead in my mouth. And where we had seen the city on the way in, I (now) saw nothing but a bunch of boiling debris with fire and smoke and all of that kind of stuff. It was devastating to take a look at it."—Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., pilot of the Enola Gay

How did observations such as those described in the excerpt lead to debate in American society?

People started to question whether it was fair to expect members of the military to carry out orders without question.
People started to question whether the use of airplanes in war is fair, reasonable, and financially responsible.
People began to question whether government should have the power to use atomic weapons that would inevitably affect civilians.
People began to question whether returning soldiers and their leaders should publicly speak about their experiences.

Paul W. Tibbets Jr., was the pilot of the Enola Gray. He was the pilot who flew Enola Gray, the plane that dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Paul Tibbets describes the view when his plane dropped the atomic bomb as a giant purple mushroom.

The observations in the given excerpt led American citizens to debate whether the government should have the power to use atomic bomb that effected the civilians.

Therefore, option C is correct.