Answer:
The expected real interest rate on the loan is 5%.Suppose that when Sally pays back the loan after one year, the actual inflation rate turns out to be 2%. The actual real interest rate on the loan is 8%.
a. If the inflation rate turned out to be higher than expected, then: the real interest rate would be lower than expected.
b. But if inflation turned out to be lower than expected, then: the real interest rate would be higher than expected.
Explanation:
Expected real interest rate = nominal interest rate - expected inflation = 10% - 5% = 5%
Actual interest rate = nominal interest rate - actual inflation rate = 10% - 2% = 8%