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In examining investors’ preferences for dividends, it is useful to begin with the concept of dividend irrelevance. Dividend irrelevance suggests that in a world with no taxes or brokerage (or transaction) costs, firms and investors are indifferent to the paying or receiving of dividends. However, as these restrictions are relaxed, various factors suggest that firms should pursue high or low payouts. One such factor is:

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Answer: Favor a high payout

Explanation:

Investors are allowed to exclude as much as 70% of dividend income from taxes. They will therefore demand a higher payout in terms of investment so that they make make more income after they exclude taxes.

For instance, assume investors had a choice between receiving $40 and $60 in dividends.

On $40, the non-taxable amount would be = 40 * 70% = $28

On $60, the non-taxable amount would be = 60 * 70% = $42

They will pick the higher payout of $60 in order to get more income after tax.

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