The size of the molecules is categorized under an independent variable, while the ability of the material to diffuse is categorized under a dependent variable.
What is an Independent variable?
An independent variable may be defined as a type of variable that can never change in response to alterations of other variables. It is the one whose degree of variation does not depend on others.
The size of the molecules is an independent variable because it stands alone while measuring the different sets of variations.
The ability of the material to diffuse is a dependent variable because it typically depends on another variable such as the size of the material. More the size, less the diffusion.
Therefore, it is well described above.
To learn more about Independent and dependent variables, refer to the link:
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