Answer and explanation:
For the cardiac output to be calculated, there are two variables needed: stroke volume and heart rate.
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output
A normal heart rate for a healthy person that is relaxing, should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
If we were to assume that Martha has an average heart rate of 80 beats per minute (bpm)...
50 cm3 x 80 beats per minute = 4000 cm3/min
This means that Martha's cardiac output is 4000 cm3 (4 liters) per minute. This is the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart into the aorta in a minute.
This is only an assumption since Martha's heart rate hasn't been given in the question. If her heart rate were to be 60 bpm, the cardiac output would then be 3000 cm3/min. With a heart rate of 100 bpm, the cardiac output should be 5000 cm3/min.
