Answer:
10.97%
Explanation:
the formula to calculate real rate of return:
real rate of return = [(1 + nominal return) / (1 + inflation rate)] - 1
real rate of return = [(1 + 12.3%) / (1 + 1.2%)] - 1 = (1.123 / 1.012) - 1 = 0.1097 or 10.97%
the risk free rate is not included in the calculation of the real rate of return, but we can also calculate the real risk free rate of return using a similar formula:
real risk free rate of return = [(1 + risk free rate) / (1 + inflation rate)] - 1 = 3.01%