In which of the following situations will the acting party be liable for the tort of negligence? Explain fully.
a.
Shannon goes to the golf course on Sunday morning, eager to try out a new set of golf clubs she has just purchased. As she tees off on the first hole, the head of her club flies off and injures a nearby golfer.
b.
Shannon goes to the golf course on Sunday morning. While she is teeing off at the eleventh hole, her golf ball veers off toward a roadway next to the golf course and shatters the windshield of a car.
c.
Shannon's physician gives her some pain medication and tells her not to drive after she takes it, as the medication induces drowsiness. In spite of the doctor's warning, Shannon decides to drive to the store while on the medication. Owing to her lack of alertness, she fails to stop at a traffic light and crashes into another vehicle, causing a passenger in that vehicle to be injured.

C). Shannon's physician gives her some pain medication and tells her not to drive after she takes it, as the medication induces drowsiness. In spite of the doctor's warning, Shannon decides to drive to the store while on the medication. Owing to her lack of alertness, she fails to stop at a traffic light and crashes into another vehicle, causing a passenger in that vehicle to be injured.

Explanation:

Negligence is defined as the 'tort whereby a duty of reasonable or standard care as defined by law is breached, causing damage or any conduct short of .'

In the above situation, Shanon was aware of the after-effects of the medication she took as her physician instructs her to not drive because she may feel drowsy. Despite this warning, her decision to drive to the store reflects her negligence i.e. 'intentional action that falls below the legal standard for preventing unreasonable damage or harm.' Thus, option C is the correct answer.