Averaged over the summer months, even though there are more hours of daylight at the Arctic Circle (66 ½°) compared to at 40° latitude, there is a lower maximum daily temperature at the Arctic Circle (66 ½°) compared to at 40°. This is because (choose all correct statements):

A. At the Arctic Circle, the sun’s rays travel through a thicker layer of atmosphere, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the ground.

B. The increased cloud cover at the Arctic Circle during the summer reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the ground.

C. At the Arctic Circle, solar energy reaching the ground is spread over a smaller area, reducing the intensity of solar energy reaching the ground.

D. At the Arctic Circle, the daytime position of the sun in the sky is lower (closer to the horizon), reducing the intensity of solar energy reaching the ground.

The options that correctly explain the reason for low temperature over the Arctic circle are

A. At the Arctic Circle, the sun’s rays travel through a thicker layer of atmosphere, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the ground. The arctic circle is the northernmost part of the world which consist of the Northern part of America and Asia, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Greenland, and the Arctic Ocean; The arctic circle is defined by the latitude of 66° 33' N the temperature of the warmest months in July and is below 10 ° C and thus has cool and cold summers (i.e it's characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers)

C. At the Arctic Circle, solar energy reaching the ground is spread over a smaller area, reducing the intensity of solar energy reaching the ground. Variations in solar radiance at the Earth's surface are a result of rays of the sun which have to travel through the thick layers of the atmosphere leading to some part of the earth's surface having a different reflection of sunlight. Thus less sunlight is received at the poles and hence the small area gets insolation.

D. At the Arctic Circle, the daytime position of the sun in the sky is lower (closer to the horizon), reducing the intensity of solar energy reaching the ground.