The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The major changes that were brought about by the Muslims in the social and cultural traditions of the subcontinent were the following.
During the spread of Islam from the Arabian peninsula to other parts of the region, the Middle East, part of Eastern Europe, and the North of Africa. After many years, the Abbasid Caliphate started to disseminate and decentralization was one of the consequences. It was a time of major changes in the social composition of Islam, and the Muslim traditions spread to all those regions through trade, religious teachings, and conquests.
Wars and invasions affected the Muslim political structure in the 1000s. For instance, the Crusades, a series of wars that confronted Muslims with Christians for many years, trying to control the sacred sites in Jerusalem. What really hit hard on Muslims was the invasion of Baghdad by the Mongols troops in 1258.
