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Among the given option, Cell Wall is the cell organelle which is the special feature of Plants Cell. Rest three of the other options are Cell Organelles found both in Plant and Animal cells.
What is Cell Wall?
A Cell Wall is a structural layer surrounding cells outside the cell membrane. Its a unique feature around the cell which is absent in Animals cell and is present in Plants, Fungi, Algae and Prokaryotes.
Cell Wall was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 and it can be tough, flexible and rigid and its major function is to act as a pressure vessels, preventing over expansion of the cell when water enters.
The composition of Cell Wall varies from one taxonomic group to another. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
Other polymers like lignin, suberin or cutin are embedded in cell wall.
Other unique cell wall are of:
- Algae possess cell wall of glycoprotein and polysaccharides.
- Bacteria possess cell wall of peptidoglycan
- Fungi possess cell wall of chitin.
What are Cell Organelles?
In Cell Biology an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell with specific function.
Organelles are differentiated into membrane bound organelles and non membrane bound organelles, where former is separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers and later is without surrounding lipid bilayer.
Their are different examples of organelles in Eukaryotic Cells such as- Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Plastids etc.
Few of the Cell Organelles are:
What is Mitochondria?
Mitochondria is a double membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
It was discovered by Albert Von Koliker in 1857 and is called as power house of the cell.
The name so given is due to use of aerobic respiration to generate most of the cell's supply of Adenosine Triphosphate, which is used subsequently throughout the cell as the source of chemical energy.
What is Ribosomes?
Ribosomes also known as Palade granules are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, performing biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation).
Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form polypeptide chains.
Ribosomes are made of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits.
Each subunit consists of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.
It was discovered by George Palade in 1950 and thus the name given.
The sequence of DNA that encodes the sequence of the amino acids in a protein is transcribed into a messenger RNA chain.
Ribosomes bind to messenger RNAs and use their sequences for determining the correct sequence of amino acids to generate a given protein.
A ribosome is made from complexes of RNAs and proteins and is therefore a ribonucleoprotein complex. Each ribosome is composed of small (30S) and large (50S) components, called subunits, which are bound to each other:
30S- It has a decoding function and is also bound to the mRNA
50S- It has mainly a catalytic function and is also bound to the aminoacylated tRNAs.
What is Vacuole?
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle present in plant and fungal cells. It is also found in protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
It was discovered by Spallanzani in 1776 as Contractile Vacuole in Protozoa and are essentially enclosed compartments filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed.
Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these. The organelle has no basic shape or size and its structure varies as per the requirement of cell.
The function of vacuoles varies according to the type of cell in which they are present. In general, the functions of the vacuole include:
- Isolating materials harmful or a threat to the cell
- Containing waste products
- Containing water in plant cells
- Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell
- Maintaining an acidic internal pH
- Containing small molecules
- Exporting unwanted substances from the cell
- Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole
Thus Cell Organelles are important constituent of Cell and plays vital role in functioning of cell in Cell Biology.
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