Lance recently earned his doctorate from a historic University, famous for its top academics and sports programs. While in graduate school, he was very active in student life and intramurals and maintained an active social life while earning high marks for his teaching and research. Upon graduation, he was elected "senator at large" for the alumni association and still maintains strong relationships with his faculty and mentors. After graduation, Lance was hired as an assistant professor at a metropolitan University. This University is only 30 years old, has no sports program, and very little collegiality among the faculty and staff. Although his teaching evaluations are high, he gets very little positive input from his supervisors and feels that he is constantly being abused and overworked by the administration, regardless of his personal life. With which two job attitudes is Lance most likely having issues?
a. Cognitive Dissonance and Job Satisfaction
b. Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement
c. Employee Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support
d. Perceived Organizational Support and Cognitive Dissonance
e. Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support

Perceived Organizational Support (POS) can be defined as a perception of employees about how much their company cares and values their contribution and well-being. The concept of Perceived Organizational Support evolved from the support theory of Eisenberger and Rhoades.

In simple terms, POS can be referred to an organization's contribution to the socio-emotional needs such as approval and benefits of employees.

The theory of Cognitive Dissonance was originated by Leon Festinger. The theory suggests that situations that beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors that are conflicting inculcate the feelings of mental imbalance. When one's own beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors come in contradiction to each other one will try to learn that and be consistent with that action, belief, etc.

In the given case, Lance has experienced both perceived organizational support and cognitive dissonance. It is because he did not get that much contribution from his organization for his performance as he expected. And learned to work in a University that has no sports.

So, the correct answer is option D.