Answer:
1. Gerrymandering
2. microstates
Explanation:
Gerrymandering is "redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power," so this book definition matches with the statement above.
Vatican City is the world's smallest microstate, at 0.44 sq km. The second smallest is Monaco, at 1.5 sq km. It's also stated that Singapore is also a microstate, proving the answer for the statement above.