The state of Texas has a unique and varied racial and ethnic history. Today, nearly half of all Texans are either Latino or African American. The remaining population is made up of non-Hispanic whites (generally referred to as Anglos Correct ), Asian Americans, Native Americans, biracial residents, and others. Formerly part of Mexico, Texas has Latino roots that run deep, and the majority of Latinos in Texas are Mexican in origin. African Americans were first brought to the state as slaves but later arrived independently as freedmen. However, laws requiringracial segregation Correct resulted in divided communities. Historically, minority groups in the state suffered tremendous discrimination, and many continue to lag in terms of income, education, and overall health.

According to the 2010 census, 70.4% of Texas residents are white Americans, 11.8% are African-Americans, 3.8% are Asian Americans, 0.7% are indigenous, and 0.1% are Hawaiians and Oceanians. Another race was indicated by 10.5% of the inhabitants of Texas, and 2.7% are representatives of mixed races. 37.6% of the Texas population are Hispanic, with non-Hispanic whites in the state being 45.3%.

English-Americans predominate in central, eastern, and northern Texas, while German-Americans live predominantly in the west and in the center of the state. African-Americans, historically accounting for about a third of the population, live mainly in east Texas, in the metropolitan areas of Dallas and Houston.