Answer:
Deflation; 12.50%
5; 5.71
Increases
Explanation:
The percentage change in the basket cost is:
[tex]P = \frac{7.00-8.00}{8.00}=-0.125 = -12.50\%[/tex]
A negative change in cost means that there was a deflation.
From year one to year two, there is deflation at an annual rate of 12.50%.
The number of baskets that could be bought in years one and two are:
[tex]n_1 = \frac{40}{8} =5\\n_2 = \frac{40}{7}=5.71[/tex]
In year one, $40.00 will buy 5 baskets, and in year two, $40.00 will buy 5.71 baskets.
This example illustrates that, as the price level falls, the value of money increases.