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An exception to this trend occurs in Group 13, and gallium is smaller than aluminum. Justify this exception to the expected periodic trend by invoking the electron configurations of each element.

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Answer:

Reduction in effective nuclear charge due to the filling of 3d sub-shell

Explanation:

Although, according to the trend in the periodic table, the size of shell go on increasing but an anomaly in Group 13 s observed in case of Aluminium and Gallium. Gallium should have a bigger shell configuration according to the trend but it is small as compared due to the first filling of 3d sub-shell by electron as we can see from their electronic configurations as:

Aluminium = [Ne] 3s² 3p¹

Gallium = [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1

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