Answer: D. Star B has 16 times the luminosity of star A
Explanation: This is best explained by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The Stefan-Boltzmann Law states that the power radiated by an object of area A and temperature T is
P = σ AT^4
Stars A and B have the same diameter which suggests that they have the same area, but star B is hotter than star A in the ratio of 2 to 1, meaning it has a higher temperature and radiates more. But by how much? This is calculated by taking both ratios using the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
P = (σ AT^4 of star B) / (σ AT^4 of star A)
P = (8000^4) / (4000^4) = 16
Option D is correct