What are some of the unintended effects of rent control?

a. Rent-control laws incentivize the development of upscale housing instead of low-income units.
b. Rent-controlled units have a high ownership turnover rate. c. More low-income residents are able to find more housing in rent-controlled cities in the long term.
d. Rent control decreases landlords’ profits and subsequently lower their incentive to invest in property upkeep.