Example #1: the election of 1800, 12th amendment, corrupt bargain, opposition of whigs to king Andrew, this ends of the property requirements to vote by 1828, the spoils system, the universal manhood suffrage.
The decisions of the Supreme Court sought to assert federal power over the state laws.
Example #2: John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, McCullough v. Maryland, Worcester v. Georgia, Gibbons v. Ogden, Dartmouth College v. Woodward.
There are many white Americans in the south that asserted their regional identity through pride in the institution of slavery, insisting that the federal covermenr must protect and defend that institution. An example of that is the Positive good arguments, Missouri compromise, sectional balance.
