Answer:
(a) Ionic
(b) Nonpolar covalent
(c) Polar covalent
(d) Polar covalent
(e) Nonpolar covalent
(f) Polar covalent
For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the least polar bond? NO₂
For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the most polar bond? BF₃
Explanation:
Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent?
The nature of a bond depends on the modulus of the difference of electronegativity (|ΔEN|) between the atoms that form it.
(a) KCl |ΔEN| = |EN(K) - EN(Cl)| = |0.8 - 3.0| = 2.2. The bond is ionic.
(b) P₄ |ΔEN| = |EN(P) - EN(P)| = |2.1 - 2.1| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
(c) BF₃ |ΔEN| = |EN(B) - EN(F)| = |2.0 - 4.0| = 2.0. The bond is polar covalent.
(d) SO₂ |ΔEN| = |EN(S) - EN(O)| = |2.5 - 3.5| = 1.0. The bond is polar covalent.
(e) Br₂ |ΔEN| = |EN(Br) - EN(Br)| = |2.8 - 2.8| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
(f) NO₂ |ΔEN| = |EN(N) - EN(O)| = |3.0 - 3.5| = 0.5. The bond is polar covalent.
The nature of bonding between atoms depends on the electro negativity between the atoms in the bond.
An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another. It commonly occurs between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between bonding atoms. If the electronegativity difference between the two bonding atoms is small, electrons are equally shared in the molecule and the bonds are nonpolar. However, when the difference in electro negativity is significant (about 0.5) a significant magnitude of polarity of the bond is observed and the bond us polar because electrons lie closer to the more electronegative atom.
The classification of the compounds according to nature of bonding between atoms is done as follows;
KCl - ionic bond
P4 - nonpolar covalent bond
BF3 - polar covalent bond
SO2 - polar covalent bond
Br2 - nonpolar covalent
NO2 - polar covalent bond.
The most polar bond occurs between bromine and bromine because of a large electro negativity difference between the both atoms.
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