Answer:
The right answers are:
1. c.
2. b.
Explanation:
As historical evidence suggests, the first move toward incorporation of new territories came in the form of American inviduals moving in as settlers. Then settlements grew, together with aspirations and demands. Westward expansion was a long and sustained effort in 19th-century America.
Regarding the second question, the tariff issue in Lincoln´s address was not an issue leading to the Civil War.