Explanation:
If the hair tonic contains lead, then these test will be positive:
1. To the tonic, add dilute sulfuric acid. The appearance of white precipitate confirms lead.
Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ ⇒ PbSO₄ (White precipitate)
2. Add 2-3 mL of potassium chromate solution to the tonic. The appearance of yellow precipitate confirms lead.
Pb²⁺ + CrO₄²⁻ ⇒ PbCrO₄ (Yellow precipitate)
3. To the tonic, add 2-3 mL of potassium iodide solution. The appearance of yellow precipitate confirms lead.
Pb²⁺ + 2I⁻ ⇒ PbI₂ (Yellow precipitate)