The development of Harlem neighborhood in New York City to a place rich in black culture, is known as Harlem Renaissance. This movement happened from the 1910s to the mid-1930, and its manifestation took place in music, art, and of course, literature. Two referrents of literature are the poetry of Claude McKay’s collection Harlem Shadows in 1922 and Jean Toomer’s Crane in 1923. Additionally, it is worth to mention the literature achievement of sociologist Charles Spurgeon in creating "Opportunity", the National Urban League magazine that attracted a lot of successful writers.
