a) x=4 is 5 units to the right of x=-1.
y=12 is 4 units up from y=8.
Your point (-1, 8) is translated to (4, 12).
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b) If the parent function f(x) = x is translated so it goes through (4, 12), the translated function can be written ...
... g(x) = f(x-4) +12 = (x -4) +12
... g(x) = x +8