John Calvin advanced the belief that God had already determined who was saved and who was not ( answer B ).
John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He developed a Christian theology called Calvinism, aspects of which includes the doctrines of predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul.
Predestination is a term that refers to God's determination in advance that something will happen in accordance with his fixed purpose. This doctrine states that all events have been willed by God, God exercises control over the world. Predestination applies to the salvation, meaning that God appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation by grace only, regardless of their deeds on earth (unconditional election). The rest receives the eternal punishment for all their sins, including the original sin ( reprobation).
