The person then concludes that falling consumer prices leads to economic growth. This would be an example of "Confusing correlation and causation".
Correlation is the connection between two sets of variables used to depict or anticipate data. There is an emphasis here on relationship. Sometimes we can utilize relationship to discover causality, however not generally. Keep in mind that connection can either be certain or negative.
Causation, otherwise called cause and effect, is the point at which a watched occasion or activity seems to have caused a second occasion or activity.