The word that best fits the definition number of people living in an area at a particular time is population.
Population is defined as all nationals present in, or temporarily absent from a country, and aliens permanently settled in a country. Growth rates are the annual changes in population resulting from births, deaths and net migration during the year.
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a census, a process of collecting, analysing, compiling, and publishing data regarding a population.
In sociology and population geography, population refers to a group of human beings with some predefined criterion in common, such as location, race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of populations.
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